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Vice Presidents of the United States |
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Vice-Presidential Seal
John Adams (1755-1826) -Federalist Served under George Washington, 1789-1797.
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) -Democratic Republican Served under John Adams, 1797-1801.
Aaron Burr (1756-1836) -Democratic Republican Served under Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1805.
George Clinton (1739-1812) -Democratic Republican Served under Thomas Jefferson, 1805-1809.
Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) -Democratic Republican Served under James Madison, 1813-1814.
Daniel D. Tompkins (1774-1825) -Democratic Republican Served under James Madison, 1813-1814.
John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) --Democratic Republican Served under John Quincy Adams, 1825-1829.
John C. Calhoun (1782-1850) --Democrat Served under Andrew Jackson, 1829-1832.
Martin Van Buren (1782-1862) --Democrat Served under Andrew Jackson, 1833-1837.
Richard M. Johnson (1780-1850) --Democrat Served under Martin Van Buren, 1837-1841.
John Tyler (1790-1852) --Whig Served under William H. Harrison, 3/4/1841-4/4/1841.
George M. Dallas (1792-1864) --Democrat Served under James K. Polk 1845-1849.
Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) --Whig Served under Zachary Taylor 1849-1850.
William R. D. King (1786-1853) --Democrat Served under Franklin Pierce, 3/4/1853-4/18/1853.
John C. Breckinridge (1821-1875) --Democrat Served under James Buchanan, 1857-1861.
Hannibal Hamlin (1809-1891) --Republican Served under Abraham Lincoln, 1861-1865.
Andrew Johnson (1808-1875) --National Union (Republican) Served under Abraham Lincoln, 3/4/1865-4/15/1865.
Schuyler Colfax (1823-1885) --Republican Served under Ulysses S. Grant, 1869-1873.
Henry Wilson (1812-1875) --Republican Served under Ulysses S. Grant, 1873-1875.
William A. Wheeler (1819-1887) --Republican Served under Rutherford B. Hayes, 1887-1881.
Chester A. Arthur (1829-1886) --Republican Served under James A.Garfield,3/4/1881-9/20/1881.
Thomas A. Hendricks (1819-1885) --Democrat Served under Grover Cleveland, 3/4/1885-11/25/1885.
Levi P. Morton (1824-1920) --Republican Served under Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1893.
Adlai E. Stevenson (1835-1914) --Democrat Served under Grover Cleveland, 1893-1897.
Garret A. Hobart (1844-1899) --Republican Served under William McKinley, 1897-1899.
Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) --Republican Served under William McKinley, 3/4/1901-9/14/1901.
Charles W. Fairbanks (1852-1918) --Republican Served under Theodore Roosevelt, 1905-1909.
James S. Sherman (1855-1912) --Republican Served under William Howard Taft, 1909-1912.
Thomas R. Marshall (1854-1925) --Democrat Served under Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921.
Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933) --Republican Served under Warren G. Harding, 1921-1923.
Charles G. Dawes (1865-1951) --Republican Served under Calvin Coolidge, 1925-1929.
Charles Curtis (1860-1936) --Republican Served under Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933.
John N. Garner (1868-1967) --Democrat Served under Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1941.
Henry A. Wallace (1888-1965) --Democrat Served under Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1941-1945.
Harry S. Truman (1884-1972) --Democrat Served under Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1/20/1945-4/12/1945.
Alben W. Barkley (1877-1956) --Democrat Served under Harry S. Truman, 1949-1953.
Richard M. Nixon (1913-1994) --Republican Served under Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953-1961.
Lyndon B. Johnson (1903-1973) --Democrat Served under John F. Kennedy, 1/20/1961-11/22/1963.
Hubert H. Humphrey (1911-1973) --Democrat Served under Lyndon B. Johnson, 1965-1969.
Spiro T. Agnew (1918-) --Republican Served under Richard M. Nixon, 1/20/1969-10/10/1973.
Gerald R. Ford (1913-) --Republican Served under Richard M. Nixon, 12/6/1973-8/9/1974.
Nelson A. Rockefeller (1908-1979) --Republican Served under Gerald R. Ford, 12/19/1974-1/20/1977.
Walter F. Mondale (1928-) --Democrat Served under Jimmy Carter, 1977-1981.
George Bush (1924-) --Republican Served under Ronald Reagan, 1981-1989.
J. Danforth Quayle (1947-) --Republican Served under George Bush, 1989-1993.
Albert A. Gore, Jr. (1948-) --Democrat Served under Bill Clinton, 1993-2000.
John Adams Served under George Washington from 1789-1797
The First Vice President
Born: October 30, 1735
Died: July 4, 1826
State: Massachusetts
Party: Federalist
--Graduated from Harvard College (1755).
--Admitted to the Massachusetts bar (1758).
--Elected to the Massachusetts legislature (1768).
--Delegate to the Continental Congress (1774-78).
--Although he was known as a champion of the cause of American independence, he defended the British soldiers accused of the Boston Massacre (1775).
--Signer--and one of the drafters--of The Declaration of Independence (1776).
--Commissioner to France (1778).
--Minister to the Netherlands (1780).
--Minister to England (1785-88).
--Vice President of the United States (1789-97).
--He was not Washington's "Running Mate," although they were political allies.
--As first presiding officer of the Senate, he signed the Bill of Rights (1789).
--President of the United States (1797-1801).
--The first of five Vice Presidents to be elected to the Presidency on his own.
--One of three Vice Presidents, including Jefferson and Hamlin, to die on the Fourth of July.
--His son was a President, his grandson an Ambassador and Presidential candidate, and two of his great-grandsons became noteworthy historians.
Adams Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Champion of Independence.
*Thoughts on Government.
*The Boston Massacre.
*Signed, Novanglus.
*The Declaration of Independence.
*The 1783 Treaty of Paris.
*The Bill of Rights.
*A History of the Vice Presidency.
*XYZ.
*Adams and Jefferson.
*Gravesite.
*The Federalist Party.
*The Adams Papers.
*Adams National Historical Site.
*Abigail Adams Page.
*Samuel Adams Page.
*John Quincy Adams Page.
*Charles Francis Adams Page.
*Henry Adams Page.
*Brooks Adams Page.
*President George Washington.
Thomas Jefferson Served under John Adams from 1797-1801
The Second Vice President
Born: April 13, 1743
Died: July 4, 1826
State: Virginia
Party: Democratic-Republican
--Graduated from the College of William And Mary (1762).
--Admitted to the Virginia bar (1767).
--Virginia House of Burgesses (1769-74).
--Signer--and one of the drafters--of The Declaration of Independence (1776).
--Governor of Virginia (1779-81).
--Governor Jefferson was almost captured by British troops in 1781.
--Member of the Continental Congress (1783-1784).
--Minister to France (1785-89).
--Secretary of State (1790-93).
--Vice President of the United States (1797-1801).
--As Vice President, he was a political opponent of President John Adams.
--President of the United States (1801-09).
--His election as President was decided by the House of Representatives, because he and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of Electoral Votes.
--The second of five Vice Presidents to be elected to the Presidency on his own.
--Louisiana Purchase approved (1803).
--Founded of the University of Virginia in 1816 and served as first rector until 1822.
--Retired to his plantation, Monticello.
--One of three Vice Presidents, including Adams and Hamlin, to die on the Fourth of July.
Jefferson Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Slave Owner.
*Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
*American Revolution Timeline.
*The First Secretary of State.
*Adams and Jefferson.
*The Louisiana Purchase.
*Lewis and Clark.
*Gravesite.
*The Democratic-Republican Party.
*The Democrat Party.
*The Jefferson Papers.
*Jefferson Memorial.
*Montecello.
*Mount Rushmore.
*The University of Virginia.
*Sally Hemmings.
*President John Adams.
Aaron Burr Served under Thomas Jefferson from 1801-1805
The Third Vice President
Born: February 6, 1756
Died: September 14, 1836
State: New York (b. New Jersey)
Party: Democratic-Republican
--Grandson of Jonathan Edwards, noted Colonial clergyman.
--His father, Aaron Burr, Sr., was a founder of Princeton University.
--Graduated from Princeton, then called the College of New Jersey (1772).
--Colonel in Continental Army, including service with George Washington at Valley Forge (1775-79).
--Admitted to New York State bar (1782).
--Served several terms in the New York State Assembly in the 1780's and 1790's.
--Attorney General of New York (1789-90).
--Senator from New York (1791-97).
--Vice President of the United States (1801-05).
--As Vice President, he was a political opponent of President Thomas Jefferson.
--The Twelfth Amendment was passed in 1804 as a result of the contest between Burr and Jefferson for the Presidency .
--Unsuccessful candidate for Governor of New York (1804).
--Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel while serving as Vice President (1804).
--Presided over the Senate's impeachment trial of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase (1805).
--Tried for and acquitted of treason, over events in the Mississippi Territory (1807).
--His political career over, he became a successful lawyer.
Burr Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*A Scandalous Life.
*From The Princeton Companion.
*Served at Valley Forge.
*Early Senators, Including Burr.
*The 12th Amendment.
*Duel.
*Alexander Hamilton.
*Burr's Southwest Empire.
*The Treason Trial of Aaron Burr.
*A Trial in Virginia.
*The Burr Papers.
*Gravesite.
*Jonathan Edwards Biography.
*Aaron Burr, Sr., Page.
*Samuel Chase Page.
*John Marshall Page.
*President Thomas Jefferson.
George Clinton Served under Thomas Jefferson from 1805-1809
Served under James M Served under James Madison from 1809-1812
The Fourth Vice President
Born: July 26, 1739
Died: April 20, 1812
State: New York
Party: Democratic-Republican
--Admitted to the New York State bar (1755).
--Fought in the French and Indian War (1758).
--Elected to the New York State Assembly (1768).
--Delegate to the Continental Congress (1775-76).
--Served as Brigadier-General during the Revolutionary War (1775-77).
--He was the first Governor of New York, and the longest serving Governor, with 21 years in office (1777-95 and 1801-04).
--He opposed the ratification of the Constitution, and later served as Vice President to James Madison, the main author of the Constitution.
--Vice President of the United States (1805-09).
--The first Vice President to be elected as a "Running Mate" under the terms of the Twelfth Amendment.
--The first of two Vice Presidents to serve under two Presidents (the other is Calhoun).
--Unsuccessfully sought his party's Presidential nomination in 1808, and agreed to serve again as Vice President.
--Died in office.
Clinton Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*The Clinton Family.
*The French and Indian War.
*The Continental Congress.
*Brigadier General.
*The American Revolution.
*Governor of New York.
*A Famous Anti-Federalist.
*Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists.
*Gravesite.
*James Madison, Father of the Constitution.
*President Thomas Jefferson.
*President James Madison.
Elbridge Gerry Served under James Madison from 1813-1814
The Fifth Vice President
Born: July 17, 1744
Died: November 23, 1814
State: Massachusetts
Party: Democratic-Republican
--Graduated from Harvard College (1762).
--Member of the Continental Congress (1776-81).
--Signer of The Declaration of Independence (1776).
--Signer of The Articles of Confederation (1777).
--Delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787).
--He opposed the ratification of the Constitution, and later served as Vice President to James Madison, the main author of the Constitution.
--Involved in the international diplomatic incident known as the XYZ Affair (1797).
--Unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Massachusetts (1801).
--His efforts to influence election results by manipulating the size and shape of legislative districts--a process now known as "gerrymandering"--cost him re-election to the governorship in 1811.
--Vice President of the United States (1813-14).
--The second of James Madison's Vice Presidents to die in office.
Gerry Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*A Life in Politics.
*An Antagonist.
*Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
*The Continental Congress.
*The Articles of Confederation.
*The Constitutional Convention.
*A Famous Anti-Federalist.
*No Bill of Rights.
*Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists.
*The XYZ Affair.
*Gravesite.
*Gerrymandering.
*James Madison, Father of the Constitution.
*President James Madison.
Daniel D. Tompkins Served under James Monroe from 1817-1825
The Sixth Vice President
Born: June 21, 1774
Died: June 11, 1825
State: New York
Party: Democratic-Republican
--Graduated from Columbia College (1795).
--Admitted to the New York State bar (1797).
--Elected to New York State Assembly (1803).
--Elected to U.S. House of Representatives, but resigned before his term began to join the New York Supreme Court (1804).
--Governor of New York (1807-17).
--A major force behind outlawing slavery in New York.
--Raised money to defend against the British in the War of 1812, going into personal debt.
--Vice President of the United States (1817-25).
--The Monroe Administration coincides with what is called the Era of Good Feelings.
--Died shortly after leaving office.
Tompkins Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Governor of New York.
*The War of 1812.
*The Slow Death of Slavery in New York.
*Era of Good Feelings.
*Gravesite.
*Tompkins County.
*Tompkins Square Park, NYC
*President James Monroe.
John C. Calhoun Served under John Quincy Adams from 1825-1829
Served under Andrew Jackson from 1829-1832
The Seventh Vice President
Born: March 18, 1782
Died: March 31, 1850
State: South Carolina
Party: Democratic-Republican
--Graduated from Yale College (1804).
--Admitted to the South Carolina bar (1807).
--South Carolina House of Representatives (1808-09).
--U.S. Representative from South Carolina (1811-17).
--Secretary of War (1817-25).
--Vice President of the United States (1825-32).
--Supported the doctrine of nullification, the theory that states can reject federal laws.
--The first of two Vice Presidents to resign that office--the other was Agnew--he did so to assume a seat in the U.S. Senate.
--U.S. Senator from South Carolina (1832-43).
--Secretary of State (1844-45).
--U.S. Senator from South Carolina (1832-43).
--One of "The Great Triumverate" of Senators, with Henry Clay and Daniel Webster.
--Died while serving as a U. S. Senator.
Calhoun Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*CSAnet Page.
*Nationalist to Nullifier.
*Nullification, Then & Now.
*Calhoun's Slavery Speech.
*Booknotes Biographer Interview.
*Gravesite.
*US Capitol Statuary Hall.
*USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN 630).
*Andrew Jackson Page.
*Henry Clay Page.
*Daniel Webster Page.
*President John Quincy Adams.
*President Andrew Jackson.
Martin Van Buren Served under Andrew Jackson from 1833-1837
The Eighth Vice President
Born: December 5, 1782
Died: July 24, 1814
State: New York
Party: Democrat
--Admitted to the New York State bar (1803).
--New York State Senate (1813-20).
--New York State Attorney General (1815-19).
--U.S. Senate from New York (1821-28).
--Governor of New York (1829); resigned to become Secretary of State.
--Secretary of State (1829-31).
--Appointed Minister to Great Britain in 1831, he arrived in London to find his nomination rejected by the Senate.
--Vice President of the United States (1833-37).
--President of the United States (1837-41).
--The third of five Vice Presidents to be elected to the Presidency on his own.
--Ruined politically by the Panic of 1837.
--Defeated in his bid for re-election to the Presidency by William Henry Harrison in 1840.
--Ran unsuccessfully for his party's Presidential nomination in 1844.
--Ran for President again in 1848, on the Free Soil Party ticket, but receive no Electoral Votes.
--Following his defeat in 1848, he retired to his home in Kinderhook, NY.
--His nickname, "Old Kinderhook, " is said to be the source of the expression "O.K."
Van Buren Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Van Buren Facts.
*Governor of New York.
*The Eaton Affair.
*The Panic of 1837.
*The Amistad.
*Free Soil, Speech, Labor, and Men.
*Gravesite.
*Van Buren Historic Site.
*Kinderhook History.
*O.K.
*The Democrat Party.
*The Free Soil Party.
*William Henry Harrison Page.
*President Andrew Jackson.
Richard Mentor Johnson Served under Martin Van Buren from 1837-1841
The Ninth Vice President
Born: October 17, 1780
Died: November 18, 1850
State: Kentucky
Party: Democrat
--Admitted to the Kentucky bar (1802).
--Kentucky House of Representatives (1807-13).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky (1807-19).
--Colonel of Kentucky volunteers during the War of 1812 (1813).
--Claimed to have killed Tecumseh, commander of the Indian confederacy forces, in the Battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813.
--Kentucky House of Representatives (1819).
--U.S. Senate from Kentucky (1819-29).
--Kentucky House of Representatives (1829-37).
--Vice President of the United States (1837-41).
--Because no candidate received a majority of the Electoral Vote, Johnson was elected Vice President by the Senate, as required by the Twelfth Amendment.
--Defeated in re-election bid with Van Buren in 1840.
--Kentucky House of Representatives (1841-42).
--Retired from public life in 1842.
R. M. Johnson Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*The War of 1812.
*Battle of Thames.
*Fact Sheet.
*Window to the Past.
*The Only VP Elected by the Senate.
*Gravesite.
*Johnson County, Iowa.
*Tecumseh Page.
*President Martin Van Buren.
John Tyler Served under William Henry Harrison from 1841-1841
The Tenth Vice President
Born: March 29, 1790
Died: January 18, 1862
State: Virginia
Party: Whig (originally Democrat)
--His father, also named John Tyler, was Governor of Virginia from 1808-11.
--Graduated from the College of William and Mary (1807).
--Admitted to the Virginia bar (1809).
--Virginia House of Delegates (1811-16).
--Captain of a Virginia militia company during the War of 1812 (1813).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia (1817-21).
--Virginia House of Delegates (1823-25).
--Governor of Virginia (1825-27).
--U.S. Senate from Virginia (1827-36).
--President Pro Tempore of the Senate (1835-36).
--One of several unsuccessful Whig candidates for Vice President 1836, the year in which the Senate had to elect the Vice President.
--Virginia House of Delegates (1838-40).
--Vice President of the United States (1841).
--President of the United States (1841-45).
--The first Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--Disowned by the Whig Party over policy conflicts while serving as President.
--Distrusted by both Whigs and Democrats, he retired to his plantation after leaving the Presidency.
--Chancellor of the College of William and Mary (1859).
--President of Peace Conference in Washington, D.C., which failed to prevent the coming Civil War (1861).
--Twenty years after swearing to uphold the U.S. Constitution as President, he served in as a delegate to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America, but died before taking office (1861).
--Elected to the House of Representatives of the Confederate States of America, he died before taking office (1861).
--His son, David Tyler, was a U.S. Representative from Virginia from 1893-97.
Tyler Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Captain Tyler.
*His Accidency.
* A President without a Party.
*Virginia Civil War Biographies.
*Tyler Home.
*Presidential Succession.
*Gravesite.
*The Whig Party.
*The American Whig Review Journal.
*The College of William & Mary.
*John Tyler, his father.
*David Tyler, his son.
*President William Henry Harrison.
George Mifflin Dallas Served under James K. Polk from 1845-1849
The Eleventh Vice President
Born: July 10, 1792
Died: December 31, 1864
State: Pennsylvania
Party: Democrat
--His father, Alexander J. Dallas, was Secretary of the Treasury from 1814-16.
--Graduated from Princeton (1810).
--Admitted to the Pennsylvania bar (1813).
--Private Secretary to Albert Gallatin, who was serving as Minister to Russia (1813).
--Mayor of Philadelphia (1828-29).
--Minister to Russia (1837-39).
--Vice President of the United States (1845-49).
--As Vice President, he presided over the Senate during the debates over the annexation of Texas and the Mexican-American War.
--Minister to Great Britain (1856-61), just before the Civil War.
--Retired from public life in 1861.
Dallas Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*From the Princeton Companion.
*Mayor of Philadelphia, 1828.
*Pennsylvania Senator, 1831.
*Texas, USA.
*A Diplomatic Episode Concerning Slavery.
*Gravesite.
*War with Mexico.
*Dallas, TX.
*Albert Gallatin Page.
*President James K. P
Millard Fillmore Served under Zachary Taylor from 1849-1850
The Twelfth Vice President
Born: January 7, 1800
Died: March 8, 1874
State: New York
Party: Whig
--Apprenticed to a wool carder (1815).
--School teacher (1818).
--Admitted to the New York State bar (1823).
--New York State Assembly, as a member of the Anti-Masonic Party (1829-31).
--U.S. House of Representatives from New York, as a Whig (1833-35, 1837-43).
--Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee (1840-42).
--Unsuccessful Whig candidate for Governor (1844).
--Commanded a corps of the Home Guard during the Mexican War (1846).
--Appointed to the honorary position of Chancellor of the University of Buffalo (1846).
--New York State Controller (1848-49).
--Vice President of the United States (1849-50).
--President of the United States (1850-53).
--The second Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--Failed to be renominated by the Whigs in 1852.
--Nominated for the Presidency by the Whig and American ("Know-Nothing") Parties in 1856, but finished a distant third, carrying only Maryland.
--President of the Buffalo Historical Society (1862-67).
--Continued to serve in the honorary roll of Chancellor of the University of Buffalo, and took interest in other aspects of Buffalo's civic life.
Fillmore Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Fillmore's Politics.
*The Compromise of 1850.
*The Fugitive Slave Acts.
*Gravesite.
*The "Know-Nothing" Party.
*The Buffalo Historical Society.
*President Zachary Taylor.
William Rufus King Served under Franklin Pierce 1853-1853
The Thirteenth Vice President
Born: April 7, 1786
Died: April 18, 1853
State: Alabama (b. North Carolina)
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (1803).
--Admitted to the North Carolina bar (1806).
--North Carolina House of Commons (1807-9).
--U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina (1811-16).
--Secretary of U.S. legations in Naples, Italy and St. Petersburg, Russia (1816-18).
--U.S. Senate from Alabama (1819-44).
--President Pro Tempore of the Senate (1836-41).
--Minister to France (1844-46).
--U.S. Senate from Alabama (1848-52).
--Vice President of the United States (1853).
--The only Vice President to be inaugurated outside the United States, in Havana, Cuba, where he had gone for health reasons.
--Died in office, having never performed any official duties as Vice President.
--He roomed for many years with fellow bachelor James Buchanan.
King Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Sampson County, NC.
*King as Alabaman.
*Office of President Pro Tempore.
*Henry Clay Apologizes, 1841.
*US Minister to France, 1844.
*To Cuba for a Cure, 1852.
*Gravesite.
*King County, Washington.
*James Buchanan Page.
*President Franklin Pierce
John C. Breckinridge Served under James Buchanan from 1857-1861
The Fourteenth Vice President
Born: January 21, 1821
Died: May 17, 1875
State: Kentucky
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from Centre College (1839).
--Admitted to the Kentucky bar (1840).
--Major of Kentucky volunteers during the Mexican War (1847-48).
--Kentucky House of Representatives (1849).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky (1851-55).
--Vice President of the United States (1857-61).
--The youngest Vice President, he was 36 at his inauguration.
--As unsuccessful Presidential candidate of the Southern Democratic Party in 1860, he received 72 Electoral Votes, second to Lincoln.
--U.S. Senate from Kentucky (1861).
--Expelled from the Senate as a traitor for supporting the Kentucky sessionest movement (1861).
--He served as a General in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.
--Secretary of War for the Confederate States in 1865.
--He escaped to Cuba at the end of the Civil War and lived in Europe and Canada, threatened with charges of treason, until President Johnson declared a General Amnesty in 1868.
--Upon his return to the U.S., he practiced law and served as a railroad executive.
--His son, Clifton Breckinridge, served several terms as a U.S. Representative from Arkansas in the 1880's and 1890's.
Breckinridge Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Standard-Bearer and Traitor.
*Election of 1860.
*1860 Electoral Vote Map.
*The Quandary of Secession.
*A Letter from Gen. Breckinridge.
*At Chickamauga.
*Fire on the Mountain.
*Jefferson Davis' Cabinet Members.
*Confederate Secretary of War.
*Gravesite.
*Kentucky and the Civil War.
*Clifton R. Breckinridge, His Son.
*President James Buchanan.
Hannibal Hamlin Served under Abraham Lincoln from 1861-1865
The Fifteenth Vice President
Born: August 27, 1809
Died: July 4, 1891
State: Maine
Party: Republican (originally Democrat)
--Admitted to the Maine bar (1833).
--Maine House of Representatives, as Democrat (1836-40).
--Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives (1837, 1839, 1840).
--Unsuccessful candidate for U.S. House of Representatives (1840).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Maine (1843-47).
--Failed anti-slavery (Democrat) candidate for U.S. Senate from Maine (1846).
--Maine House of Representatives (1848).
--U.S. Senate from Maine, still as a Democrat (1848-57).
--Joined the newly formed Republican Party (1856).
--Governor of Maine (1857).
--Resigned as Governor to re-join the U.S. Senate, this time as a Republican (1857-61).
--Vice President of the United States (1861-65).
--In 1864, he served a 60-day enlistment in the Maine State Guard, at the rank of Private, while serving as Vice President.
--He was briefly the Collector of the Port of Boston after the war (1865-66).
--U.S. Senate from Maine (1869-81)
--Minister to Spain (1881-82)
--Retired from public life to his farm.
--He was the third Vice President, after Adams and Jefferson, to die on the Fourth of July.
Hamlin Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Senator from Maine, Both Democrat and Republican.
*1860 Republican Convention.
*A Frustrated Vice President.
*Minister to Spain, 1881.
*Gravesite.
*The Republican Party.
*Hamlin Home.
*US Capitol Statuary Hall.
*Senate Bust.
*Stautue in Bangor.
*Hannibal E. Hamlin, His Son.
*Vice President of the Confederate States.
*Alexander Stephens' Career.
*President Abraham Lincoln.
Andrew Johnson Served under Abraham Lincoln 1865-1865
The Sixteenth Vice President
Born: December 29, 1808
Died: July 31, 1875
State: Tennessee (b. North Carolina)
Party: Republican (originally Democrat)
--Apprenticed to a tailor (1822).
--Opened tailor shop (1824).
--Alderman of Greeneville, TN (1828-29).
--Mayor of Greeneville (1830-33).
--Tennessee House of Representatives (1835-37 and 1839-41).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee (1843-53).
--Governor of Tennessee (1853-1857).
--U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1857-62).
--Union Military Governor of the Confederate State of Tennessee during the Civil War (1862-65).
--Nominated for Vice President, with Lincoln, on the National Union Party ticket, as the Republicans called themselves in the election of 1864.
--Vice President of the United States (1865).
--President of the United States (1865-69).
--The third Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--A Southerner, he disagreed strongly with the Radical Republicans in Congress over Reconstruction policies.
--Approved the purchase of Alaska--known as "Seward's Folly"--in 1867.
--He violated the Tenure of Office Act, which Congress passed over his veto, by firing Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
--The first President to be impeached (1868).
--He survived removal from the Presidency by a single vote in the Senate (1868).
--Disowned by the Republicans, he unsuccessfully sought the Democrat nomination for the Presidency in 1868.
--Unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Senate from Tennessee (1869).
--Unsuccessful candidate for U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee (1872).
--U.S. Senate from Tennessee (1874-75).
--Twelve of his Senate colleugues had voted "guilty" at his impeachment trial.
--Died while serving as Senator.
Johnson Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*A Time of Violence and Bitterness.
*Civil War Tennessee.
*Lincoln Assassination Conspiracy Theories.
*Reconstruction.
*Radical Republicans.
*Harpers Weekly on the Impeachment.
*Tenure of Office Act.
*Articles of Impeachment, 1868.
*Impeachment: Johnson, Nixon and Clinton.
*Historic Site.
*NY Times Obituary.
*Gravesite.
*Salmon P. Chase, Presiding Justice.
*William H. Seward Page.
*Edwin M. Stanton Page.
*Benjamin Wade Page.
*Edmund Ross Page.
*President Abraham Lincoln.
Schuyler Colfax Served under Ulysses S. Grant from 1869-1873
The Seventeenth Vice President
Born: March 23, 1823
Died: May 17, 1875
State: Indiana (b. New York)
Party: Republican (originally Whig)
--Newspaper owner and editor, beginning in 1845.
--A Free Soil Party founder (1848).
--Unsuccessful Whig candidate for U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana (1850).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana (1855-69).
--Speaker of the House of Representatives (1863-69).
--Vice President of the United States (1869-73).
--Presided over both the House of Representatives, as Speaker, and the Senate, as Vice President.
--Failed in his effort to be renominated with Grant in 1872, and left the Vice Presidency under a cloud, due to the Credit Mobilier corruption scandal.
--Became a public speaker after his political career ended.
Colfax Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page. *Speaker of the House.
*Hoosier History.
*Odd Fellows Rebekah Degree.
*Colfax Papers.
*Free Soiler.
*Credit Mobilier.
*Gravesite.
*Grant Era Scandals.
*Senate Bust.
*South Bend Chapter, DAR.
*President Ulysses S. Grant.
Henry Wilson Served under Ulysses S. Grant from 1873-1875
The Eighteenth Vice President
Born: February 16, 1812
Died: November 22, 1875
State: Massachusetts (b. New Hampshire.)
Party: Republican (originally Whig)
--He was born Jeremiah Jones Colbraith, legally changing his name in 1833.
--Indentured into farm labor as a boy (1822).
--Learned the shoemaker's trade in the early 1830's and eventually owned his own small factory.
--One of the leaders of the Anti-Slavery movement.
--Massachusetts House of Representatives, as a Whig (1841-42).
--Massachusetts Senate, as a Whig (1844-46).
--A founder of the Free Soil Party (1848).
--Newspaper owner and editor (1848-51).
--Massachusetts Senate, as a Free Soiler (1850-52).
--Unsuccessful Free Soil candidate for U.S. House of Representatives (1852).
--U.S. Senate from Massachusetts, as a member of the American ("Know-Nothing") and Republican Parties (1855-73).
--Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Military Affairs during the Civil War (1861-65).
--Vice President of the United States (1873-75).
--Died in office.
William Wheeler Served under Rutherford B. Hayes 1877-1881
The Nineteenth Vice President
Born: June 30, 1819
Died: June 4, 1887
State: New York
Party: Republican
--Admitted to the New York State bar (1845).
--New York State Assembly (1850-51).
--New York State Senate (1858-59).
--President Pro Tempore of the New York State Senate (1858-59).
--U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1861-63 and 1869-77).
--Vice President of the United States (1877-81).
--Samuel J. Tilden, the 1876 Democrat Presidential candidate, possibly won that election, although behind the scenes manuvering favored Rutherford B. Hayes.
--Resumed law practice in 1877.
Wheeler Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Congressman from Malone.
*Campaign Song.
*Electoral Commission of 1877.
*Wormley Conference.
*Burial Information.
*Senate Bust.
*Samuel J. Tilden Page.
*President Rutherford B. Hayes.
Chester Alan Arthur Served under James A. Garfield from 1881-1881
The Twentith Vice President
Born: October 5, 1830
Died: November 18, 1886
State: New York (b. Vermont)
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Union College (1848).
--Teacher (1848-53).
--Admitted to the New York State bar (1854).
--Engineer-in-Chief and Quartermaster General of New York State militia troops during the Civil War (1861-62).
--Closely associated with Roscoe Conkling, leader of a New York political machine.
--Collector of the Port of New York (1871-78).
--His removal from the position of Collector of the Port of New York caused strife within the Republican Party.
--Vice President of the United States (1881).
--President of the United States (1881-85).
--The fourth Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--Although he was a noteworthy political spoilsman--a "Stalwart"--he approved the first modern Civil Service reform legislation, the Pendleton Civil Service Act .
--Defeated by James G. Blaine in his efforts to be renominated by the Republicans in 1884.
--Resumed law practice.
Arthur Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*A Political Life.
*Born in Vermont.
*Brigadier General.
*Collector of the Port of New York.
* A Stalwart.
*The Gentleman Boss.
*Garfield's Assassination.
*Pendleton Civil Service Act.
*NY Times Obituary.
*Gravesite.
*Roscoe Conkling Page.
*George Hunt Pendleton Page.
*James G. Blaine Page.
*President James A. Garfield.
Thomas Hendricks Served under Grover Cleveland from 1885-1885
The Twenty-First Vice President
Born: September 7, 1819
Died: November 25, 1885
State: Indiana (b. Ohio)
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from Hanover College (1841).
--Admitted to Indiana bar (1843).
--Indiana House of Representatives (1848).
--Indiana Senate (1849).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana (1851-55).
--Unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Indiana (1860).
--U.S. Senate from Indiana (1863-69).
--Received 42 Electoral Votes in 1872, after the death of Democrat nominee Horace Greeley.
--Governor of Indiana (1873-77).
--He was also the Democrats' failed Vice Presidential nominee in 1876, on the ticket with Samuel J. Tilden.
--Vice President of the United States (1885).
--Died in office.
Hendricks Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Hoosier History.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Indiana Senate History.
*Electoral Votes in 1872.
*Governor of Indiana.
*Face On the $10 Silver Certificate.
*Gravesite.
*Horace Greeley Page.
*Samuel J. Tilden Page.
*President Grover Cleveland.
Levi Parsons Morton Served under Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893
The Twenty-Second Vice President
Born: May 16, 1824
Died: May 16, 1920
State: New York (b. Vermont)
Party: Republican
--Merchant and shopkeeper until the Civil War (1838-63).
--Founder of the New York City banking house of L.P. Morton and Company (1863-99). --He was a wealthy Wall Street financier during the Gilded Age.
--Unsuccessful candidate for U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1876).
--U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1879-81).
--Refused the Republican nomination as Vice President in 1880; Chester Alan Arthur, who accepted, became President upon the death of James Garfield.
--Minister to France (1881-85)
--As Minister to France, he drove the first rivet into the Statue of Liberty.
--Vice President of the United States (1889-93).
--He was replaced on the failed Republican ticket of 1892 by Whitelaw Reid.
--Governor of New York (1895-97).
--Returned to banking after his political career ended.
Morton Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*A Prominent Man of the Day.
*A Newport Notable.
*Finance After the Civil War.
*Millionaire's Row, Manhattan.
*Minister to France, 1881
*Story of the Statue of Liberty.
*New York Governors.
*Gravesite.
*Statue of Liberty Page.
*The Gilded Age.
*James Garfield Page.
*Whitelaw Reid Page.
*President Benjamin Harrison.
Adlai E. Stevenson Served under Grover Cleveland from 1893-1897
The Twenty-Third Vice President
Born: October 23, 1835
Died: June 14, 1914
State: Illinois (b. Kentucky)
Party: Democrat
--Admitted to the Illinois bar (1858).
--The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 inspired him to enter politics--on the side of Douglas.
--U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois (1875-77 and 1879-81).
--Lost re-elections to the House of Representatives in 1876 and 1880.
--First Assistant postmaster General during Grover Cleveland's first term as President (1885-89).
--Vice President of the United States (1893-97).
--Also ran for the Vice Presidency in 1900, on the losing Democrat ticket, with William Jennings Bryan.
--Unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Illinois (1908).
--Grandfather of Adlai E. Stevenson II, who was the Democrat nominee for President in 1952 and 1956.
Stevenson Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*The Stevenson Family.
*Booknotes Biographer Interview.
*Gravesite.
*The Lincoln-Douglas Debates.
*William Jennings Bryan Page.
*Adlai E. Stevenson II Page.
*President Grover Cleveland.
Garret A. Hobart Served under William McKinley from 1897-1899
The Twenty-Fourth Vice President
Born: June 3, 1844
Died: November 21, 1899
State: New Jersey
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Rutgers University (1863).
--Admitted to the New Jersey bar (1869).
--He was a successful businessman and attorney before entering politics.
--City Council of Patterson, NJ (1871-72).
--New Jersey Assembly (1872-76).
--Speaker of the New Jersey Assembly (1874).
--New Jersey Senate (1876-82).
--President of the New Jersey Senate (1881-82).
--Chairman of the New Jersey Republican committee (1880-91).
--Member of the Republican National Committee (1884).
--Vice President of the United States (1897-99).
--He cast the tie-breaking vote in the Senate against Philippine independence (1899).
--Died in office.
Hobart Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Rutgers Alumnus.
*Representing Patterson.
*It Almost Happened In New Jersey.
*McKinley and Hobart on the Gold Standard.
*The Hobart Art Collection.
*Hobart's Widow.
*Gravesite.
*McKinley's Empire.
*President William McKinley.
Theodore Roosevelt Served under William McKinley 1901-1901
The Twenty-Fifth Vice President
Born: October 27, 1858
Died: January 6, 1919
State: New York
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Harvard University (1880).
--New York State Assembly (1882-84).
--After both his mother and first wife died (on the same day, February 14, 1884), he retired to his North Dakota ranch for two years.
--Unsuccessful candidate for Mayor of New York City (1886).
--Member of the U.S. Civil Service Commission (1889-95).
--President of the New York City Board of Police Commissioners (1895-97).
--Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1897-98).
--Colonel of "Rough Riders" during Spanish-American War (1898).
--Governor of New York (1899-1901).
--Vice President of the United States (1901).
--President of the United States (1901-09).
--The fifth Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--At 42 years old, the youngest President to take office.
--Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his efforts to resolve the Russo-Japanese War.
--Though still very popular, he declined to run for re-election in 1908, instead touring Africa and Europe.
--Failed in his efforts to be renominated for the Presidency by the Republicans in 1912.
--Organized the Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party in 1912 and received 88 Electoral Votes in his failed race for the Presidency.
--After 1912 he traveled and wrote, and eventually rejoined the Republican Party.
Roosevelt Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Still Popular Today.
*An Iconic Figure.
*Rancher and After.
*Colonel Roosevelt.
*The Rough Riders.
*Governor of New York.
*Exit Hobart, Enter TR.
*The Square Deal.
* A Noteworthy Conservationist.
*Teddy Bear.
*The Russo-Japanese War.
*The Nobel Prize.
*Bull Moose.
*The Election 0f 1912.
*Roosevelt the Writer.
*On World War I.
*The Life, the Times and the Legacy.
*Booknotes Biographer Interview.
*Gravesite.
*The Progressive Party.
*The Progressive Era.
*Birthplace.
*Roosevelt Home.
*Inaugural Site.
*Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
*Mount Rushmore.
*President William McKinley.
Charles W. Fairbanks Served under Theodore Roosevelt from 1905-1909
The Twenty-Sixth Vice President
Born: May 11, 1852
Died: June 4, 1918
State: Indiana (b. Ohio)
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University (1872).
--Admitted to the Ohio bar in 1874, he also practiced law in Indiana.
--Unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Senate from Indiana (1892).
--U.S. Senate from Indiana (1897-1905).
--Vice President of the United States (1905-09).
--Also ran for the Vice Presidency in 1916, on the losing Republican ticket, with Charles Evans Hughes.
--He returned to the practice of law.
Fairbanks Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Hoosier History.
*Germans in Indianapolis.
*Indiana Senate History.
*Gravesite.
*Fairbanks, AK
*Charles Evans Hughes Page.
*President Theodore Roosevelt.
James Sherman Served under William Howard Taft from 1909-1912
The Twenty-Seventh Vice President
Born: October 8, 1855
Died: October 30, 1912
State: New York
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Hamilton College (1878).
--Admitted to the New York State bar (1880).
--Mayor of Utica, NY (1884).
--U.S. House of Representatives from New York (1887-91 and 1893-1909).
--Vice President of the United States (1909-12).
--Also ran for reelection with Taft on the losing Republican ticket in 1912.
--He died in office just days before the Presidential election in 1912, and his Electoral Votes were given to Nicholas Murray Butler.
Sherman Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Mayor of Utica, NY.
*The Four Major Candidates of 1912.
*1912 Electoral Vote Map.
*Gravesite.
*Senate Bust.
*Nicholas Murray Butler Page.
*President William Howard Taft.
Thomas Marshall Served under Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921
The Twenty-Eighth Vice President
Born: March 14, 1854
Died: June 1, 1925
State: Indiana
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from Wabash College (1873).
--Admitted to the Ohio bar in 1875, he also practiced law in Indiana.
--Governor of Indiana (1909-13).
--Vice President of the United States (1913-21).
--He might have become President in September 1919, after Wilson suffered a stroke; instead, he allowed Mrs. Wilson to unofficially act as President in her husband's place.
--Served on the Federal Coal Commission (1922-23).
--Wrote and practiced law after leaving politics.
Marshall Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Hoosier History.
*Governor of Indiana.
*Indiana Senate History.
*Famous Stogie Quote.
*Mrs. President.
*Gravesite.
*Edith Galt Wilson Page.
*President Woodrow Wilson.
Calvin Coolidge Served under Warren G. Harding from 1921-1923
The Twenty-Ninth Vice President
Born: July 4, 1872
Died: January 5, 1933
State: Massachusetts (b. Vermont)
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Amherst College (1895).
--Admitted to the Massachusetts bar (1897).
--City Counsel of Northampton, MA (1899).
--Massachusetts House of Representatives (1907-09).
--Mayor of Northampton (1910-11).
--Massachusetts Senate (1912-15).
--President of the Massachusetts Senate (1914-15).
--Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (1916-18).
--Governor of Massachusetts (1919-20).
--Vice President of the United States (1921-23).
--President of the United States (1923-29).
--The sixth Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--Declined to run for re-election in 1928.
--Wrote his autobiography and a newspaper column after leaving politics.
Coolidge Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Vermonter.
*Yankee.
*Conservative.
*Political Life before the Presidency.
*Boston Police Strike.
*The Business of America.
*Coolidge Wit.
*Booknotes Biographer Interview.
*Gravesite.
*Historic Site.
*President Warren G. Harding.
Charles G. Dawes Served under Calvin Coolidge from 1923-1929
The Thirtieth Vice President
Born: August 27, 1865
Died: April 23, 1951
State: Illinois (b. Ohio)
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Marietta College (1884).
--Admitted to the Nebraska bar in 1886, he also practiced law in Illinois.
--Wrote on financial and public policy issues during the 1890's.
--Comptroller of the Currency (1898-1901).
--Unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Senate from Illinois (1902).
--Worked in the Chicago banking industry for two decades.
--Served on the supply procurement staff of the US Army during World War I, rising to the rank of Brigadier General.
--Unsuccessful candidate for Republican Presidential nomination (1920).
--Director of the US Bureau of the Budget (1921).
--Served as chairman of an international commission on Germany's post-war reparation payments, which developed the Dawes Plan (1923).
--Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925 for his efforts to resolve the German reparations crisis.
--Vice President of the United States (1925-29).
--Ambassador to Great Britain (1929-1932).
--President of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932).
--After leaving politics, he wrote and returned to the banking industry.
--As a hobby he composed music, including the tune that would eventually become the popular song "It's All In the Game."
Dawes Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Illinoisan.
*Resume.
*Comptroller of the Currency.
*Tie Breaker, 1925.
*The Dawes Plan.
*The Nobel Prize.
*Ambassador to Great Britain, 1929.
*Family History.
*It's All In the Game.
*Gravesite.
*Dawes Home.
*Austen Chamberlain, Nobel Prize Co-Winner.
*President Calvin Coolidge.
Charles Curtis Served under Herbert Hoover 1929-1933
The Thirty-First Vice President
Born: January 25, 1860
Died: February 8, 1936
State: Kansas
Party: Republican
--His great-grandmother was a Native American, from the Kaw tribe.
--Admitted to the Kansas bar (1881).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Kansas (1893-1907).
--U.S. Senator from Kansas (1907-13 and 1915-29).
--President Pro Tempore of the US Senate (1912).
--Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate (1924).
--Vice President of the United States (1929-33).
--Also ran for reelection with Hoover on the losing Republican ticket in 1932.
--Returned to law practice after his political career.
Curtis Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Kansan.
*Native American.
*Kaw Heritage.
*Office of President Pro Tempore.
*Majority Leader, 1923.
*Legacy.
*Gravesite.
*President Herbert Hoover.
John Nance Garner Served under Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933-1941
The Thirty-Second Vice President
Born: November 22, 1868
Died: November 7, 1967
State: Texas
Party: Democrat
--Admitted to Texas bar (1890).
--Judge, Uvalde County, TX (1893-96).
--Texas House of Representatives (1898-1902).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Texas (1903-33).
--Speaker of the House of Representatives (1931-33).
--Although his support enabled Roosevelt to win the nomination in 1932, he became critical of Roosevelt's policies, and eventually contested him for the nomination in 1940, while still serving as his Vice President.
--Retired to to his ranch.
Garner Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Details.
*Texan.
*Speaker of the House.
*The New Deal.
*For and Against the New Deal.
*Presidential Candidate, 1940.
*Cactus Jack.
*Gravesite.
*Garner State Park.
*President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Henry A. Wallace Served under Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1941-1945
The Thirty-Third Vice President
Born: October 8, 1888
Died: November 18, 1965
State: Iowa
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from Iowa State College, Ames (1910).
--Writer and editor, Wallace's Farmer and Iowa Homestead (1910-1933).
--Bred high-yielding strains of corn (1913-33).
--Secretary of Agriculture (1933-40).
--Vice President of the United States (1941-45).
--He was removed from the Democrat ticket of 1944 by Roosevelt aides who, concerned about Roosevelt's health, didn't want him to succeed to the Presidency.
--Secretary of Commerce (1945-46).
--Editor of the New Republic (194648).
--Organized the Progressive Party in 1948 and ran a failed campaign for President against his successor, the victorious Harry S. Truman.
--Returned to farming and writing.
Wallace Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*His Life.
*Agricultural Scientist.
*Replaced by Truman.
*Editor of The New Republic.
*Cold War Oppon ent.
*Running for President, 1948.
*Progressive.
*Writer.
*Quotes.
*Gravesite.
*The Progressive Party.
*McGovern on Wallace.
*President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Harry S. Truman Served under Franklin D. Roosevelt 1945-1945
The Thirty-Fourth Vice President
Born: May 8, 1884
Died: December 26, 1972
State: Missouri
Party: Democrat
--After graduating from high school in 1901, he worked at a variety of clerking jobs (1901-05).
--Joined the Missouri National Guard (1905).
--Partner and manager on the family farm (1906-17).
--Joined the Army in 1917 and served as an artillery captain on the western front in World War I.
--Partner in a haberdashery store (1919-21).
--Jackson County Court Judge (1922-24 and 1926-34).
--U.S. Senate from Missouri (1935-45).
--Chairman of the Special Senate Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program during World War II (1941-1944).
--Vice President of the United States (1945).
--President of the United States (1945-53).
--The sixth Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--He oversaw the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War.
--He retired to his home in Independence, MO, and wrote his memoirs.
Truman Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Missourian.
*Captain Truman.
*Machine Politician.
*Senator Truman.
*Replacing Wallace.
*The Buck Stops Here.
*V-E Day.
*Atom Bomb.
*Fat Man & Little Boy.
*Cold Warrior.
*The Truman Doctrine.
*The Marshall Plan.
*Recognizing Israel.
*Whistle Stop.
*Dewey Defeats Truman.
*The Fair Deal.
*Integrating the Military.
*NATO.
*Korea.
*The Common Man.
*Gravesite.
*Truman Library.
*Historic Site.
*USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75).
*George C. Marshall Page.
*Thomas Dewey Page.
*Strom Thurmond Page.
*Joseph McCarthy Page.
*President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Alben W. Barkley Served under Harry S. Truman from 1949-1953
The Thirty-Fifth Vice President
Born: November 24, 1877
Died: April 30, 1956
State: Kentucky
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from Marvin College (1897).
--Admitted to the Kentucky bar (1901).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky (1913-27).
--U.S. Senate from Kentucky (1927-49 and 1955-56).
--Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate (1937-47).
--Minority Leader of the U.S. Senate (1947-48).
--Vice President of the United States (1949-53).
--At 71, the oldest Vice President to be inaugurated.
--Failed in his effort to obtain his party's Presidential nomination in 1952.
--Reelected to the Senate in 1954, after having served as Vice President.
--Died while serving as U.S. Senator.
Barkley Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Kentuckean.
*Majority Leader Resigns.
*Courting Southern Democrats.
*Famous Last Words.
*Gravesite.
*Barkley Museum.
*Veep.
*President Harry S. Truman.
Richard M. Nixon Served under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953-1961
The Thirty-Sixth Vice President
Born: January 9, 1913
Died: April 22, 1994
State: California
Party: Republican
--Graduated from Whittier College (1934).
--Graduated from Duke University Law School (1937).
--Admitted to the California bar (1937).
--Served in the South Pacific as a Navy officer in World War II (1943-45).
--U.S. House of Representatives from California (1947-50).
--U.S. Senate from California (1950-53).
--Vice President of the United States (1953-61).
--Defeated by John F. Kennedy in his first run for the Presidency, in 1960.
--Unsuccessful campaign for Governor of California (1962).
--Succeeded in his second run for the Presidency, against sitting Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, in 1968.
--President of the United States (1969-74).
--Fourth of only five Vice Presidents to be elected President in his own right.
--Only President to resign from office, in 1974.
--Pardoned by his successor, Gerald Ford, for any crimes he may have committed in office (1974).
--Wrote a number of books on politics, foreign policy and leadership while out of office.
Nixon Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page
*Britannica Page.
*Commander Nixon.
*HUAC and Hiss.
*House and Senate.
*Pink Lady.
*The Checkers Speech.
*I Like Ike.
*Khrushchev-Nixon Debates.
*Kennedy-Nixon Debates.
*Nixon to Kick Around.
*Nixon's the One.
*Nixon and Elvis.
*A History of the War in Vietnam.
*Nixon and Vietnam.
*Cambodia.
*The Cold Warrior Goes to Red China.
*Detente.
*The Pentagon Papers.
*I am Not a Crook.
*Articles of Impeachment, 1974.
*The Washington Post on Watergate.
*Nixon Resigns.
*A Revisionist View.
*Booknotes Interview.
*"Nixon in China".
*Legacy.
*Gravesite.
*Nixon Library.
*The Nixon Center.
*The Nixon Project.
*Nixon Speaks.
*President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Lyndon B. Johnson Served under John F. Kennedy from 1961-1963
The Thirty-Seventh Vice President
Born: August 27, 1908
Died: January 22, 1973
State: Texas
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from Southwest Texas State Teachers College (1930).
--High school teacher (1930-31).
--Legislative assistant to U.S. Representative Richard M. Kleberg, Democrat of Texas (1932-35).
--State director of National Youth Administration (1935-37).
--U.S. House of Representatives from Texas (1937-48).
--Unsuccessful campaign for U.S. Senate from Texas (1941).
--Served in the Naval Reserve while also a Congressman during World War II.
--U.S. Senate from Texas (1949-61).
--Senate Minority Whip (1951-53).
--Senate Minority Leader (1953-55).
--Senate Majority Leader (1955-61).
--Campaigned unsuccessfully for the Democrat nomination for President (1960).
--Vice President of the United States (1961-63).
--President of the United States (1963-69).
--The eighth Vice President to be elevated to the Presidency because of the death of a President.
--Declined to run for re-election in 1968, a decision influenced by national divisions over the Vietnam War. --Retired to his ranch.
Johnson Links:
*White House Page.
*C-SPAN Page.
*Internet Public Library Page.
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*Texan.
*Naval Reserve.
*Majority Leader, 1955.
*The Influential Senator Johnson.
*JFK Assassinated.
*Camelot.
*Flawed Giant.
*The Johnson White House.
*The Great Society.
*The Civil Rights Movement.
*The Civil Rights Act of 1964.
*Medicare.
*Tonkin.
*Tet.
*Vietnam.
*The 60's.
*The New Hampshire Democratic Primary, 1968.
*The Nomination of My Party.
*The Johnson Tapes.
*Success and Failure.
*Gravesite.
*Historic Site.
*Johnson Library.
*Sam Rayburn Page.
*Eugene McCarthy Page.
*President John F. Kennedy.
Hubert H. Humphrey Served under Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965-1969
The Thirty-Eighth Vice President
Born: May 27, 1911
Died: January 13, 1978
State: Minnesota (b. South Dakota)
Party: Democrat
--Graduated from a six-month course at the Denver College of Pharmacy (1933).
--Pharmacist (1933-37).
--Graduated from the University of Minnesota (1939).
--Professor of Political Science, University of Louisiana (1939-40).
--Mayor of Minneapolis, MN (1945-48).
--U.S. Senate from Minnesota (1949-64).
--Senate Majority Whip (1961-64).
--Vice President of the United States (1965-69).
--Unsuccessful campaign as Democrat nominee for President in 1968.
--Defeated by former Vice President Richard M. Nixon in the 1968 election for President.
--U.S. Senate from Minnesota (1971-78).
--Died while serving as Senator.
Humphrey Links:
*Senate Biography.
*Grolier's Page.
*Britannica Page.
*35th Mayor of Minneapolis.
*The Influential Senator Humphrey.
*Passing the Civil Rights Act.
*1968.
*The Siege of Chicago.
*Election of 1968.
*Bobby's Assassination.
*Dump the Hump.
*The Humphrey-Hawkins Act.
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The U. S. Constitution
